Effect of Female Principals Management Styles on Teachers Job satisfaction in Isfahan- Iran, Girls High Schools :: Education, Educational Systems, Nurturing

Nowadays, Education has changed and developed fundamentally due to cultural, social and political changes. Education is under intense scrutiny by public and private interests who question the systems ability to fulfill its goals of teaching basic skills, instilling values, preventing dropouts, and producing a productive workforce. Such an incredible responsibility requires high committed to fulfilling the high expectations .Nurturing and educating the new generation have assigned to educational systems. Today, educational administration means: leadership, directing, reform and change. Therefore, achievement to high level goal of education in each society, demand renovation and reorganization and new thinking in management of educational systems (Allahabad, 2004). Educational Administration either in supervision and monitoring of financial and official affairs, in education or others that involving directly with development and implementation of educational program , have responsibil ity and tasks in achievement of essential objectives of educational administration as named facilitating teaching-learning process. Schools must give more attention to teacher job satisfaction because it may promote efficiency and staff satisfaction. One of the important factors in improvement of psychological and spiritual energy for staff in the organization is promotion of job satisfaction in teachers. In fact, job satisfaction is a kind of emotional and affective coping with job and its conditions which it consists of two components: cognitive and behavioral. The cognitive aspect is indicator for staff believes about their job conditions and behavioral aspect means individuals trends to their job. Cognitive aspect has more validity than other behavioral aspects due to further relationship with individuals' attitudes. A successful education system is dependent upon a high quality teaching staff. In order to develop this high quality teaching staff, one must look at factors associated with teacher quality and retention. One of these factors is teacher job satisfaction. Job satisfaction can be defined as an ove rall feeling about ones job or career in terms of specifies, i.e. compensation, autonomy, coworkers; administration. Job satisfaction has been studied for many years. Happock (1935) was one of the first researchers to study job satisfaction. He found that workers were more satisfied with a supervisor who was understanding and helpful (as in cited, Bass, 1990). Frederick Herzberg (1959), psychologist and researcher studied job satisfaction because he believed higher satisfaction led to higher productivity, decreased absenteeism, and better working relations. He found that positive feeling about work, a sense of personal worth, and a sense of personal fulfillment were related to achievement and responsibility (Wetherell,2002).

My Toy Essay

1. What are the special days celebrated in your country? There are many special days celebrated in my country. Such as Tet holiday, beginning from January the first on the Lunar Calendar National holiday, Septemper the second Independence day, April 30th 2. Which is your favourite and why? I like Tet holiday the most because I can meet my cosins, relatives, friends who live far away. People get together to eat, drink, and entertain themselves . I also receive â€Å"lucky money† in red envelopes. Besides, I take part in many traditional customs with my family such as cooking sticky rice cake, playing tug of war, going to pagoda to wish good things for my family. And I can hang out with my friends and don’t worry about anything. 3. What do you think is the most important festival in your country? Tet holiday is the most important festival for Vietnamese people. It’s the start of a new year and the Vietnamese feel that having a good start is essential to having a good year.These are funny and happy days that people prepare and welcome the new year together. In addition, it is a wonderful occasion for Vietnamese families to reunite and remember their ancestors. 4. In what way do people celebrate the festival? Most people start to clean and decorate their houses from top to bottom a week or two before the Lunar New Year . It is a common belief that cleaning the house will get rid of bad fortunes associated with the old year. Some people paint their houses to start a new year with lucky things and decorate with festive items . Besides, people are also busy shopping to buy new clothes for themselves, and their children a month prior to the New Year. 5. Do people prepare any special food for the occasions? Food plays a major role in the Tet holiday. Some typical Tet’s foods are sweets, coconut jam, fruit candies, melon seeds, stew pork with eggs, and especially sticky rice cake. Tet meals are usually bigger and more delicious than our daily ones. 6. Which do people prefer to spend with family or with friends? Usually people prefer to spend time with their family because Tet holiday is the time for family and indeed the only time of the year when the whole family gather together 7. How did people celebrate the festival in the  past? In the past, one or two days before Tet, every family prepares and cooks Banh Chung around a warm fire. It is also the time for parents to tell their children folklore stories. Nowadays, families which live in villages still maitain making Banh Chung before New Years but the people in the city do not. They don’t have time and prefer to buy it. Besides, many families also light firecrackers and fireworks to celebrate, but now this custom has changed because it is illegal in our country. 8. How has the way been changed and why? Nowadays , firecrackers are illegal in our country. So this tradition has changed. Some people even prefer to take a holiday instead of going back to their parents’s home to spend Tet holiday. And, some rich of families, aren’t excited to buy clothes for the New Year because they buy their all year around. And, some traditional food such as sticky rice cakes are often bought as a department store in the supermaket, maket instead of being cook at home because they are quite busy with their work, even they have no time to clean and decorate their house.

A Study Of African History - 1384 Words

Many people think slavery happened after a group of explores from Portuguese started ring the coast of West Africa, but little do they know African Americans were trading themselves way before then. Portuguese explorer Prince Henry, known as the navigator, was the first European to methodically explore Africa and the oceanic to the Indies.[1] Many Europeans thought that Africa s history was not important. They argued that Africans were inferior to Europeans and they used this to help justify slavery. However, the reality was very different. A study of African history shows that Africa was by no means inferior to Europe. As you can see below, the people who suffered the most from the transatlantic slave trade were civilized, organised and technologically advanced peoples, long before the arrival of European slavers, trying to suggest they were backward peoples.[2] A major advance was the introduction of the caravel in the mid-15th century, a small ship able to sail windward more than any other in Europe at the time. Evolved from fishing ships designs, they were the first that could leave the coastal cabotage navigation and sail safely on the open. For celestial navigation the Portuguese used the Ephemerides, which experienced a remarkable diffusion in the 15th century. They were astronomical charts plotting the location of the stars over a distinct period of time. These charts revolutionized navigation, allowing to calculating latitude. Using the caravel,Show MoreRelatedAfrican Americans And African American Studies844 Words   |  4 Pageseducation that would shed light on African Americans. The progress the students created is seen today in American Universities ,and also HBCUs, where (AAS)African American Studies is implemented into the curriculum. Before, the dissection the formation of AAS, it should be noted that without the sacrifice from others I undoubtedly would not be writing about AAS ,or reflecting on the significance it has created for generations so far. There have always been African Studies, just not in the American EducationRead MoreNational African American History Year876 Words   |  4 PagesBlack History Month, or formally known as National African American History Month. It is an annual commemoration of achievements by African Americans and a time for recognizing the central role of African Americans in United States history. Black History Month had its origins in 1915 when Dr. Cater G. Woodson and his colleagues founded the Association for the Study of Negro Life and History (African American History Month, 2014). This organization is now known as the Association for the Study of AfricanRead MoreAfrican American Social Studies Teachers1587 Words   |  7 PagesThis study examines the life histories of three African American social studies teachers, focusing on the evolution and changes in their identities, perspectives, and attitudes related to their profession and instructional practice. In addition, the study addresses t he significance of the teachers’ racialized experiences as African Americans and how these experiences influence their use of culturally relevant pedagogy to teach their African American students. Overview Disparities exist in educationalRead MoreAfrican History : African American History898 Words   |  4 PagesThe history of Africa is very complex. Europeans invaded Africa and stripped them of their culture and denied future generations their history. Despite the focus on the time of enslavement in modern history, African history expands far beyond that. African history has been consistently whitewashed and many historians have attempted to put our history in a box. In order to understand and study the African experience, one must realize that the history of Africa extends far beyond the times of enslavementRead MoreEssay on Development of African American Studies1148 Words   |  5 PagesDevelopment of African American Studies Scholars have dedicated their time and attention to furthering the discipline of African American Studies and can define the field with many different definitions. Through looking at the origins and development in the study we can see how it became a legitimate academic field. As we study the writings of the African American intellect, it will fully explain the importance of the discipline. Their work will justify the study of cultural and historical experiencesRead MoreAfrican American Studies : The Matrix Of American Ethnic Studies972 Words   |  4 Pagespresence of Ethnic Studies in Academia. These â€Å"Area† Focused disciplines tries to distinguish their goals apart from other disciplines, which encourages Ethnic Studies to constantly change. Using Color-Line To Borderlands: The Matrix of American Ethnic Studies, I will focus on the following Ethnic Studies and their goals: African American Studies, Women’s Studies, Chicano/a Studies, Native American Studies, an d Asian American Studies, and Queer Studies. African American studies, which can be seenRead MoreEssay African American Issues: Slavery and Continuing Racism892 Words   |  4 Pages There are many issues that African Americans face in today’s society, many of which I had not realized until after taking Africana Studies. Some issues dwell on the horrific past of the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade, which not only is history, but also is part of African American heritage (Karenga, 2010). African Americans frequently experience many perilous problems, such as dire economic situations and feelings of hostility from the cultural mainstream in America (Kaufman, 1971). The cultural collisionRead MoreThe Dispute Regarding African History From African and Europenan Perspectives785 Words   |  3 Pagesthe XXI century, several researchers are still trying to study and discover more about the history of Africa, which is a huge continent with historical, cultural, linguistic, racial and geographical diversity. However the methods u sed to discover the history of a continent varies among European or African historians. Such researchers have different ways of seeing what really proves the history of the people, if the best way is by vivid history, archaeological, written or oral records. Due to the differentRead MoreBlack Studies As An Academic Discipline932 Words   |  4 Pages Thesis: Even with the creation of Black Studies as an academic discipline, the culture and influence of white dependency still seem to block people of color’s mental potential, and inherently their ability to progress as a group. Abstract: Since the Transatlantic Slave Trade, African Americans have been dependent upon those of fairer complexions to educate them about the culture and history of their own people. Unfortunately, the trip over to the Americas caused them to lose touch with severalRead MoreContributions Of African And World Civilizations Essay980 Words   |  4 PagesContributions to African and World Civilizations The Carthage was one of first big empires of the Africa and continues to be the largest. The biggest contribution to world civilizations today is the military tactics taken away from the Carthage Army and Navy. Hannibal Barca was the greatest military Generals of the ancient world, he lead the Carthaginian Army. He took over at the age of 26. Some of the tactics that he used that were so successful and are used today are taking out and surrounding

Environmental Racism - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 538 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/02/05 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Racism Essay Did you like this example? In order to produce things that we use and need, it sometimes causes hazardous waste. To keep people safe and happy, there have to be places where this waste can be dumped. Sadly, the places chosen are most often poorer areas populated by minorities, chosen for just that. This is called environmental racism. Environmental racism was coined in 1982 by Benjamin Chavis, the director of the United Church of Christ. He first began thinking of this as environmental racism because of the PCB waste that was dumped in Warren County, North Carolina. The attention that had been focused on this even made people start to realize a connection between where hazardous waste is dumped and the people that live there. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Environmental Racism" essay for you Create order Environmental racism is defined as, â€Å"the term used to describe the higher incidents of environmental threats and subsequent health problems in lower income communities, which are commonly dominated by people of color.† (American Democracy Now, pg. 537) In other words, it is deciding to dump hazardous waste in poorer communities, lowering their property value and quality of life. This is because people in these areas don’t have the funds to put towards keeping waste out of their communities, nor do they have political connections to provide them with the power to keep it out. Cost-benefit analysis also plays a role in where waste is put. This is the analysis of a planned project and all its monetary costs to the benefit it brings to the area in terms of dollar amounts. All of these things are what make the minorities in these poorer areas most challenged by this policy. Disasters have happened plenty of times because of where waste is dumped. For example, on November 19, 1984, disaster struck at a PEMEX liquid propane gas plant. This caused thousands to be killed and a million injuries to neighboring communities. Another incident is the case that was brought up in 1989 when Louisiana Energy Services (LES) decided to put a uranium enrichment plant in the poor area of Louisiana based off of it being â€Å"the best place†. The community came together to form the â€Å"Citizens against Nuclear Trash†. They sued LES for environmental racism. On May 1, 1997, it was determined that racial bias did play a part in locating an area for the plant. One more was the Kelly Air Force Base in San Antonio, Texas. This air base, surrounded by poor, Hispanic communities, contained around 282,000 tons of hazardous waste. After the communities began reporting illnesses, a poll was done which discovered that 91% of the adults had illnesses of the nose, ears and throats and 79% of children had the same. It was discovered that the plant had been dumping waste in the area from 1960-1973. These cases are just the tip of the iceberg of examples of environmental racism in American history. In order to help these situations, I would propose that hazardous waste is watched more closely and evenly distributed between communities, regardless of their race or financial status. This was, it is racially unbiased and allow the waste to be stretched among more area, hopefully diluting the effects. I would also propose that we actively work towards finding solutions to dumping hazardous wastes that would prevent putting them in communities at all.

Essay on Ligers Informative Speech - 748 Words

Ligers Informative Speech The clip you just saw is from the popular movie Napoleon Dynamite. Many of you have probably seen it before but I bet you never thought about any of it as being factual, did you? Well, even though the description was a bit off, ligers really do exist. According to Encyclopedia Americana, ligers are a hybrid cross between a male lion and a female tiger (also known as a tigress). It is nearly impossible for them to exist in the wild because most lions live in Africa and most tigers live in Asia, however under the right circumstances they can be bred. In most cases the tiger and the lion must be raised together to overcome any natural enmity between their species, however ligers have also been accidental. In†¦show more content†¦The human contact usually helps because it makes them easier to take care of when they are older and larger, and they will get larger. Ligers are the world?s biggest cats, and they are leaning towards gigantism. They are bigger than either parent, becom ing anywhere from ten to twelve feet in length and weighing usually near a half of a ton or more. Ligers are larger than their parents, because according to Wikipedia encyclopedia, female lions and male tigers transmit a growth-inhibiting gene to their offspring. Being the offspring of a male lion and female tiger, though, the liger does not have the growth-inhibiting gene, and therefore they grow constantly throughout their lives until their body cannot sustain their size anymore. The counter-hybrid of the liger, the tigon, however, is smaller than its parents because it does have the growth-inhibiting gene. Both animals are crosses between tigers and lions, however they get their name according to what species the father is (for example, ligers have lion fathers, and tigons have tiger fathers). Other than their large size, ligers vary in appearance depending on how their genes interact with one and other. Usually males grow sparse manes (like those of a male lion), and the facial ruff of a tiger. Both males and females have spotted stomachs and striped back. They roar like

Florida International University Intermediate Finance Free Essays

FIN 3414 (Intermediate Financial Management) Sample TEST   At anytime during the test, you can’t have anything other than your test, pencil, eraser, calculator and formula sheet on your desk. 3. ABSOLUTELY NO QUESTIONS/TALKING DURING EXAMINATION 4. We will write a custom essay sample on Florida International University: Intermediate Finance or any similar topic only for you Order Now Don’t forget to hand in your Formula Sheet. 5. Read, write your name and sign below. , I solemnly declare that I will not cheat or help others in cheat in the examination SIGNATURE PART I There are 15 questions in the first part, answer all of them. 1. The sum of an infinite geometric series ar, ar2, ar3, ar4, †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦up to ? is a. a(1 – rn) for r ? 1 1 – r b. a(1 – rn+1) for r ? 1 1 – r c. a for r 1 1– r d. ar for r 1 1 – r e. None of the above 2. Consider the following series S = 10 + 10 + †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 10 (1. 06) (1. 06)2 (1. 06)100 The sum of this series is a. 10 { 1 – ( 1/ 1. 06)100 } 1. 06 b. 10 { 1 – ( 1/ 1. 06)100 } (1. 06)100 0. 6 (10)100 c. 10 { 1 – ( 1/ 1. 06)100 } 0. 06 d. 10 { 1 – ( 1/ 1. 06)101 } 0. 06 e. 10 { 1 – ( 1/ 1. 06)101 } (1. 06) 0. 06 3. What is the future value of $10. 30 (deposited a year from now) at the end of 20 years, assuming the simple rate of interest is 0. 5 percent? (Answer correct within 2 cents) a. $ 11. 28 b. $ 11. 33 c. $ 21. 12 d. $1,091. 80 e. None of the above 4. In how many years an amount will double if the simple rate of interest is 1 percent? Answer correct within 2) a. 10 years b. Never c. 1000 years d. 100 years e. 139 years 5. What is the future value of $ 50 in 20 years if the rates of interest are 12 percent for the first six years, 11 percent for next 5 years and 10 percent for the remaining period? (Answer correct within one dollar) a. $ 336. 37 b. $ 406. 23 c. $ 392. 13 d. $ 413. 91 e. None of the above 6. You will receive $160 in the beginning of year 89. What is its present value at the beginning of 87 if the rate of interest is 13 percent? Answer correct within 50 cents) a. $ 141. 59 b. $ 110. 89 c. $ 125. 30 d. $ 153. 91 e. None of the above 7. In how many years $ 100. 69 will become $ 382. 42 if the rate of interest is 6. 9 percent (Answer correct within 0. 5) a. 21 years b. 20 years c. 14. 6 years d. 15. 6 years e. None of the above 8. Suppose you deposit $385. 54 at the beginning of each year for 10 years. Find the future value of these deposits at the end of year 11 if the rate of interest is 10 percent compounded annually (Correct within five dollars) a. $6145 b. $6010 c. $6759 d. $7435 e. None of the above 9. You deposited $100 three years ago in the First National Bank. Today the balance in your account is $140. If First National Bank offers quarterly compounding, compute: (Assume 360 days in a year) (1) the annual nominal rate of interest; (2) the annual effective rate of interest. Answer in the order of 1, 2 a. 11, 12 b. 12. 6, 13. 2 c. 11. 37, 11. 86 d. 11. 68, 11. 99 e. None of the above 10. ABC Corporation expects to earn $200,000 at the end of the year and projects a growth in earnings of 5 percent per year. If k is 10 percent, what is the present value of the earnings if it expects the growth forever a. $200,000( 0. 10 – 0. 05)-1 b. $200,000( 0. 05)-1 c. $4,000,000 d. All of the above e. None of the above 11. You will deposit $ 20 per month beginning of each month beginning today in an account that pays a monthly rate of interest of 8. 21 percent. How long will it take for your account to have $980? (Correct within 0. 3) a. 20 months b. 19 months c. 21 months d. 18 months e. None of the above 12. Mr. I. M. Smart started depositing $ A in an account that paid 12 percent rate of interest per year. After 21 annual deposits his account had $23864. 20. The present value of the annuity of $A is (Correct within 5 dollars) a. $2474 b. $1193. 21 c. PV of th is annuity cannot be obtained because the value of $A is not given d. $2209 e. None of the above 13. Mr. Mrs. Debt deposited $1000, $2000 and $2000 at the beginning of years 1, 2 and 3 . The rates of interest during the years were 0. 12, 0. 15 and 0. 20. Obtain the present value of these deposits if the interest is compounded monthly? (Correct within $ 2) a. $6000 b. $6854 c. $5854 d. $6890 e. None of the above 14. If equal withdrawals of $20 at the end of each day with the initial investment of $200 are made, the number of days required to exhaust the amount, if the rate of interest is 10 percent per day, will be (assume 365 days in a year) a. The amount will never be exhausted . 7. 275 c. Cannot be solved because the calculator gives an error message d. Looks like the answer will be within 8 to 10 days e. None of the above 15. Mr. John P. L. K. Prabhakara Rao deposited $100 in an account that pays 20 percent rate of interest- compounded monthly. He intends to keep the account for 20 years. The effective rate of interest his account is earning is (answer correct within 0. 02) a. 22. 14 percent b. 20. 06 percent c. 21. 94 percent d. Only a person with this kind of na me will keep the account for 20 years e. None of the above PART II There are two questions in this part, answer all of them. 1. You need to set up a college fund at birth for your child that will pay $60,000 at age 18. k=12%. (a) How much must you deposit at the end of each year with annual compounding (b) How much must you deposit at the end of each month with monthly compounding (c) What will be the payments if they are at the beginning of the year (18 payments)? 2. Assume today is Oct, 4th 2012 and you are planning to deposit $100 every January 1st for five years. Assuming the rate of interest is 12% compounded monthly, a. What is the present value of the deposits today? How to cite Florida International University: Intermediate Finance, Essay examples

Holden Caulfield Analysis free essay sample

Salingers Catcher in the Rye, a hard drinking, chain smoking drop out details his interesting journey home after being kicked out of yet another expensive prep school. This boy, Holden Caulfield, has taken it upon himself to judge every single human being he shares the Earth with and often goes on to excess about the numerous dislikes he has for a person. Perhaps the most curious however, is the fact that almost everything Holden judges others for, he himself is equally if not more guilty of. This tendency for hypocrisy is pervasive throughout the book and characterizes Holden, revealing a lot about the workings of his mind. He often refers to people as phonies, which ironically seems to refer to anyone who maintains conformity, discriminates towards others, or is a hypocrite. Despite his loathing for hypocrisy and conformity, Holden Caulfield takes both traits to an extreme. Holdens expectations in people tend to be unreasonably high. We will write a custom essay sample on Holden Caulfield Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He complains about the most trivial things, for example how his roommate has one of those very piercing that are practically never in tune and how he selects some song that is hard to whistle even if youre a good whistler. (27) He even had high expectations for the prostitute he hired. In his mind, everyone else is held to utopian standards, while it would seem he isnt held to any. Obviously this leads to a lot of disappointment for Holden. Whenever everyone fails to meet your standards then everyone seems lacking, something he isnt opposed to saying. If a single word could describe Holden, that word would be hypocrite. Almost everything he says, his beliefs, his ideals, and his morals, directly contradict with his actions throughout the novel. When he wears his red hunting cap he claims he doesnt care how he looks (89) despite the fact he takes it off often saying I didnt want to look like a screwball or anything. (60) His hypocrisy is most obvious when one views his integrity. Holden claims that what he cannot stand is dishonesty, while he is perhaps the least honest character in the novel. This clumsy disregard for what he has previously stated allows his contradictory nature to be glaringly obvious. While it is easy to recognize the flaws in Holden, the areas where he truly stands by his previous word should not be ignored. Interactions with children, especially his younger sister Phoebe reveal a lot about the true Holden Caulfield. He obviously values the innocence of childhood very much, a sharp contrast to his vehement dislike of the adult world. Holden has psychological issues that greatly affect his handling of situations, specifically of a social nature. He has a Narcissistic-inferiority complex to start, meaning he thinks very highly of himself and sees others as being beneath him. Bipolar Manic Depression tendencies are often displayed with his various mood swings, but Paranoid Schizophrenia seems just as likely. Salinger claims that this novel is somewhat autobiographical which may allow the reader to get an idea at his psyche as well. Despite all of this, Holden Caulfield has become a symbol for teenage rebellion and angst, and is one of the most enduring and adored characters in 20th century literature. He is compared to influential people like Jesus Christ regularly, and is described as being born not only in love with beauty, but hopelessly impaled by it. Who is to say we do not all contain a little Holden in us, it would certainly explain why so many before have found him a very relatable character.